No memory segmentation--"flat" memory model where you just have a 32-bit, 4GB address space.
C call interface [very helpful, copy from https://www.nasm.us/xdoc/2.15.05/html/nasmdo10.html]
+
**C ABI for Unix**
- - All paramters are pushed on the stack, from right to left
- - Call is
- - EBP must be preserved, so usually EBP is pushed to stack, then ESP (stack pointer) copied to EBP, and then the callee reads values off the stack based on that. `[EBP]` is the old `[EBP]` value. `[EBP+4]` is the return address pushed by `CALL`. Parameters start at `[EBP+8]`, starting from the leftmost.
- - Return value is in EAX (or AL/AX/ST0).
- - At the end, callee restores original ESP, pops EBP if that was pushed, and returns.
- - On return, caller moves stack pointer down with a constant (faster), or uses a series of pops.
+- All paramters are pushed on the stack, from right to left
+- Call is
+- EBP must be preserved, so usually EBP is pushed to stack, then ESP (stack pointer) copied to EBP, and then the callee reads values off the stack based on that. `[EBP]` is the old `[EBP]` value. `[EBP+4]` is the return address pushed by `CALL`. Parameters start at `[EBP+8]`, starting from the leftmost.
+- Return value is in EAX (or AL/AX/ST0).
+- At the end, callee restores original ESP, pops EBP if that was pushed, and returns.
+- On return, caller moves stack pointer down with a constant (faster), or uses a series of pops.
See later section for syscall to Linux kernel
### Chapter 12: Writing 64-bit Code (Unix, Win64)
**C ABI for Unix**
- - The first six arguments are passed in RDI, RSI, RDX, RCX, R8, and R9.
- - All the above, plus RAX, R10, and R11 are "scratch" registers destroyed by function calls and don't need to be saved.
- - Additional arguments are passed on the stack.
- - Integer return values are placed in RAX and RDX (up to two integers can be returned, for structs or 128-bit integers)
- - Memory, structs, strings, floats, etc are all done differently and you can check https://gitlab.com/x86-psABIs/x86-64-ABI
+- The first six arguments are passed in RDI, RSI, RDX, RCX, R8, and R9.
+- All the above, plus RAX, R10, and R11 are "scratch" registers destroyed by function calls and don't need to be saved.
+- Additional arguments are passed on the stack.
+- Integer return values are placed in RAX and RDX (up to two integers can be returned, for structs or 128-bit integers)
+- Memory, structs, strings, floats, etc are all done differently and you can check https://gitlab.com/x86-psABIs/x86-64-ABI
**C ABI for Windows**
- - Integers are passed in RCX, RDX, R8, R9, and then the stack.
- - Return value is in RAX (only)
- - Floating point, memory, etc work differently and you'll have to read a spec.
+- Integers are passed in RCX, RDX, R8, R9, and then the stack.
+- Return value is in RAX (only)
+- Floating point, memory, etc work differently and you'll have to read a spec.
See later section for syscall to Linux kernel